- Explain the significance of serology and how it contributes to disease diagnosis.
- Compare and contrast radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in terms of their methodology and practical applications.
- Describe the principle and steps involved in conducting a sandwich ELISA, and explain why it is referred to as a ‘sandwich’.
- Discuss the role of the primary and secondary antibodies in the ELISA technique and the importance of the washing steps.
- Outline the process of immunoprecipitation and how it enables the isolation of a specific antigen from a mixture.
- Explain immuno-affinity chromatography and how it differs from immunoprecipitation in terms of technique and result.
- Describe the four main steps of Western blotting and the purpose of each step in the detection of proteins.
- Discuss the use of flow cytometry in immunology, including how it differentiates and sorts cells.
- Explain the principle of hemagglutination and its application in determining ABO blood groups for transfusions.
- Discuss the immunological considerations of the Rhesus factor in pregnancy and the purpose of administering RhoGAM injections.