- How does the human immune system use its three lines of defence?
- In what ways do the innate and adaptive immune systems differ?
- Can you explain the characteristics and advantages of having a fever?
- Compare and contrast immunogens with antigens.
- Describe the functions of primary and secondary lymphoid organs and the activities of immune cells within them.
- Contrast MHC class I with MHC class II molecules.
- Explain on the functions of CD4 and CD8 cells.
- Explain the significance of B cells within the immune system.
- Outline the variety of cells present in blood and their immune roles.
- Identify the cell types that originate from myeloid progenitor stem cells.
- Explain the function of neutrophil extracellular traps.
- How do cardiac mast cells contribute to immune responses?
- How do antigen presentations to B cells differ from those to T cells?
- Summarise the key aspects of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
- Describe how the spleen’s structure supports its role in the immune system.
- List and describe different types of dendritic cells.
- How do pathogens resist or evade phagocytosis?
- Discuss the significance of clonal deletion in immune regulation.
- What processes occur after the activation of T and B cells?
- Explain the necessity of co-stimulation in T cell activation.
- Describe the various types of B cells and their functions.
- Differentiate between T-dependent and T-independent antigens.
- Define anamnestic response in immunology.
- List the components of the lymphatic system and their functions.
- Define affinity and polyvalency in immunology and relate them to avidity.
- What roles do cytokines play in the immune system?
- Explain the steps involved in phagocytosis and how phagocytes destroy pathogens.
- Compare the roles of eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells in allergy and parasite defence.
- Explain how Natural Killer (NK) cells and innate lymphoid cells contribute to immune defence.
- Discuss how innate and adaptive immunities interact during an infection.
- Describe how immune responses can sometimes cause tissue damage, such as in sepsis or cytokine storms.